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If your university or instructors have particular rules that they wish you to follow, do so. These suggestions are only guidelines to use if you do not receive more specific instructions from your tutor or lecturer. See the sample student essays in chapter 10 of the book for models. Typically, citations in a regular essay or timed examination are placed in the text next to the proposition they support. Sometimes it seems that students spend more time formatting the essay than they do writing it. Make your writing stand out rather than your design skills. If you are typing your essay, you can underline or italicise case names, but there's no need for elaborate type faces.

It often helps if you underline case names, but you won't lose points if you don't. If you are writing your essay by hand, there is no need to use different coloured ink for a case or statutory citation. Once you have used the full name once, feel free to use a short citation, such as ' Donoghue' or 'the 1984 Act.' There's no need to keep repeating the full name. Of course, if you are working on a weekly essay or a long-term research project you must take the trouble of finding and putting in the proper title or citation. 'The first Occupiers' Liability Act' gets you past worries about the particular year it was enacted. For example, 'the snail in the bottle case' sufficiently evokes Donoghue v. If you can't remember the name of a particular case or statute, simply describe it. If you know that the case is commonly short-cited to the second party's name, go ahead and use that. Sometimes, though, you will notice that your textbook or lecturer uses the second party's name regularly. Usually people pick the first party's name, unless it's a very common name or a criminal case. While it's preferable to give the full case name (such as Jones v Smith), in a timed examination you can get by with one name or the other. Most instructors at the undergraduate level (including instructors on law conversion courses) do not require students to do more than indicate the names of cases or statutes in the text of their essays and examinations, particularly in timed examinations.
